The management of issues for raising funds through various types of instruments by companies is known as Issue management. Companies raise funds for the purpose of financing new projects, expansion/modernization/diversification of existing units and augmenting long term resources for working capital purposes.
The entrepreneurs/ corporate’s use different routes for raising capital/funds such as:

Public Issue
An IPO occurs only when a company offers its shares for the first time for public ownership and trading, an act making it a public company.

Right Issue
A right issue is a way by which a listed company can raise additional capital. However, instead of going to the public, the company gives its right to subscribe and shares to the existing shareholders to newly issued shares in proportion to their existing holdings.

Preferential Issue/Private Placement
A preferential issue is an issue of shares or of convertible securities by listed companies to a select group of persons under Section 23 of the Companies Act, 2013 which is neither a right issue nor a public issue. This is a faster way for a company to raise equity capital.

Bonus Issue
Bonus shares are shares distributed by a company to its current shareholders fully paid shares free of cost to capitalize a part of the company’s retained earnings. While the issue of bonus shares increases the total number of shares issued and owned, it does not change the value of the company. Although the total number of issued shares increases, the number of ratio and shares held by each shareholder remains constant.